The History Of The Processor

Microprocessor is an IC (Integrated Circuit) which is used as a brain / main processor in a computer system. Microprocessors are the result of the growth of the semiconductor. First microprocessor was introduced in 1971 by Intel Corp, namely the Intel 4004 microprocessor which has a 4 bit architectures. With the addition of some peripherals (memory, device I / O, etc.) Microprocessor 4004 transformed into a small computer by intel.

The microprocessor then developed further into 8080 (8bit architecture), 8085, and then 8086 (16bit architecture). On the other hand other semiconductor companies also introduced and developed a Motorola microprocessor include the M6800, and Zilog with Z80nya. Microprocessor 16 bit Intel architecture is mostly in the end by the number 86, but because the number can not be used to replace it with their trademark for the name Pentium microprocessors trademarks of their fifth generation.

This architecture has twice expanded to accommodate a larger word size. In 1985, Intel announced the design of next-generation 32-bit 386 which replaces the draft 286 16-bit generation. 32-bit architecture is known as x86-32 or IA-32 (stands for Intel Architecture, 32-bit). Then in 2003, AMD introduced the Athlon 64, which apply further development of this architecture leading to a 64-bit architecture, known by several terms x86-64, AMD64 (AMD), EM64T or IA-32e (Intel), and x64 (Microsoft).

To view the history of the development of the electronic components can be seen below:

1904: Diodes tube was first created by a scientist from the UK named Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945)

1906: The results found triode tube diode development by an American scientist named Dr. Lee De Forest. Which then creates tetroda and pentode.

However, the use of vacuum tubes that are misaligned in 1960 after the discovery of semiconductor components.

1947: Transistor invented at Bell laboratories.

1965: Gordon Moore from Fairchild Semiconductor in an article for Electronics magazine says that growing a semiconductor chip doubles every two years for more than three decades.

1968: Moore, Robert Noyce and Andy Grove found the Intel Corp. to run a business "INTegrated ELectronics."

1969: Intel announces its first product, the static RAM 1101, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS), first in the world. It signals the end of an era magnetic memory.

1971: 4004 Microprocessor

In 1971 comes the first microprocessor Intel 4004 microprocessor is used on the machine calculator Busicom. With these discoveries, then opened the way to incorporate artificial intelligence in inanimate objects.

1972: 8008 Microprocessor

In 1972 comes the 8008 microprocessor that powered two times that of its predecessor, namely 4004.

1974: 8080 Microprocessor

Being the brain of a computer called the Altair, when it sold about ten thousand in one month.

1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor

An important sales in the computer division occurs in the product for personal computers that use processors made by IBM 8088 which managed to boost intel name.

1982: 286 Microprocessor

Intel 286 or better known by the name 80286 is a processor that was first able to recognize and use the software used for the previous processor.

1985: Intel386 ™ Microprocessor

Intel 386 is a processor that has an embedded diprosessor 275,000 transistors such that when compared with 4004 has 100 times more compared to 4004

1989: Intel486 ™ DX CPU Microprocessor

Intel i486 processor is the first with over 1 million transistors. Previously known generation XT i186, i286 AT followed by generation, i386 to i486. i486 with a 32 bit chip works with a clock up to 100MHz. i486 marketed to mid 90s.

Processor for the first time allows various applications that previously had to type the command-command to be just a click away, and has a complex mathematical function so as to minimize the workload on the processor.

1993: Intel® Pentium® Processor

The next generation is better known as the i586 Pentium I with more than 3 million transistors. This chip stores a bug. Pentium running with the most severe mistakes in history. The new generation of processors that can handle various types of data such as voice, sound, handwriting and photos.

1995: Intel® Pentium® Pro Processor

Processor is designed for use on server and workstation applications, created to process data quickly, this processor has 5.5 Million transistors are embedded.

1997: Intel® Pentium® II Processor

The next development was born Pentium II with a clock up to 450 MHz and holds approximately 7.5 million transistors are integrated with the cache level 2 (L2). Pentium II processor is a processor that incorporates Intel MMX is designed specifically to process video data, audio, and graphics efficiently. There are 7.5 million transistors integrated in it so that with this processor PC users can process a variety of data and use the internet better.

1998: Intel Pentium II Xeon Processor

Economical Celeron processor with a base of Pentium II, but without the availability of level 2 cache (L2). This is known as Pentium Processor II Celeron.Processor made for the needs of the application server. Intel when it wants to meet its strategy that wants to provide a unique processor for a particular market.

In 1999

Pentium III was born with the slogan "Internet Streaming Extension". Pentium III is supported with 44 million transistors and can support a greater number of processes in parallel.

1999: Intel® Celeron® Processor

Intel Celeron processor is a processor that issued a processor that is intended for users who do not really need a faster processor performance for users who want to build a computer system with a budget (prices) are not too large. Processor Intel Celeron has a shape and formfactor same Intel processor type Pentium, but only with instructions fewer, L2 cache is smaller, the speed (clock speed) is slower, and the price is cheaper than an Intel processor Pentium types. With the release of Intel's Celeron processor is then returned to give a processor for a particular market.

1999: Intel® Pentium® III Processor

Pentium III processor is a processor by an additional 70 new instructions that dramatically enrich the imaging capabilities of high-level, three-dimensional, audio streaming, and video applications as well as voice recognition.

1999: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon® Processor

Intel re-penetrated market servers and workstations by issuing a series of Pentium III Xeon but the kind that has 70 SIMD command. The advantages of this processor is that it can speed up the processing of information from the system bus to the processor, which also boosts performance significantly. The processor is also designed to integrate with other similar processors.

2000: Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor

With the clock four times greater than the Pentium III, Pentium 4 was born with a clock up to 3.8 GHz. The processor is capable of executing orders much more in the same process. Another variant of the Pentium 4 is a Pentium 4 hyperthreading.

Processor Intel Pentium IV is a product that speeds up the process is able to penetrate up to 3:06 GHz speeds. First time out this processor with 1.5GHz speed formafactor pin 423, after the revamp intel formfactor Intel Pentium 4 processor into a pin 478 which starts from an Intel Pentium 4 1.3 GHz speed until the latest which is currently capable of penetrating speed of up to 3.4 GHz.

2001: Intel® Xeon® Processor

Processor Intel Pentium 4 Xeon processors, the Intel Pentium 4 aimed specifically to act as a server computer. This processor has a number of pins more than the Intel Pentium 4 processor with memory and larger L2 cache as well.

2001: Intel® Itanium® Processor

Is the first Itanium processor-based 64 bit which is intended for usage on servers and workstations as well as specific users. This processor has been created with a structure completely different from the previous design and technology based on Intel's Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC).

2002: Intel® Itanium® 2 Processor

Itanium 2 processor is the next generation. Itanium 2 is the second generation of the Itanium family. 64 bit processor with 221 million transistors reaches the maximum clock 1 GHz. This processor is not successful in the market, even namanyapun almost unheard of.

2003: Intel® Pentium® M Processor

Processor intended for this notebook known as the Pentium M processor is a streamlined up to 77 million transistors. Pentium M Pentium 4 was made to replace the wasteful use of power on the notebook. 855 Chipset, and the Intel® PRO / WIRELESS 2100 is a component of Intel® Centrino ™. Intel Centrino created to meet the needs of the market will be the existence of a computer that is easy to carry anywhere.

2004: Intel Pentium M processors 735/745/755

Equipped with the 855 chipset with new features 2Mb L2 Cache 400MHz system bus and a processor socket compatibility with the Pentium M series before.

2004: Intel E7520 / E7320 Chipsets

7320/7520 can be used for dual processor configuration with 800MHz FSB, DDR2 400 memory, and PCI Express peripheral interfaces.

In 2005

Merging the performance and power usage hyperthreading Pentium M, born DualCore processor clocked at up to 2 GHz.

2005: Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition 3.73GHz

A processor that is aimed at the market of computer users who want something more from their computer, this processor configuration using 3.73GHz frequency, 1.066GHz FSB, EM64T, 2MB L2 cache and HyperThreading.

2005: Intel Pentium D 820/830/840

Processor-based 64-bit and dual-core called because it uses two core units, with 1MB of L2 cache configuration for each core, 800MHz FSB, and can operate at a frequency of 2.8GHz, 3.0GHz, and 3.2GHz. In the processor of this type are also included support HyperThreading.

In 2006

The use and marketing of DualCore generation has not run out, a year later launched Core2Duo integrating nearly 300 million transistors with two cores that work in one processor capable of working up to 3.3 GHz.

2006: Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600

Processor for desktop type and is used in people who want more power than the computers that he had to have two cores at 2.4GHz configuration with 8MB of L2 cache (up to 4MB, which are accessible for each core), 1.06GHz front-side bus, and thermal design power (TDP).

2006: Quad-core Intel Xeon X3210 / X3220

Processor is used for the type of server and has two cores with each having a 2.13 and 2.4GHz configurations, respectively, with 8MB of L2 cache (4MB can achieve that is accessible to each core), 1.06GHz front-side bus, and thermal design power (TDP).

In 2009

4 cores with 731 million transistors Intel Core i7 makes it become the fastest processor today.

Intel Core i3

Intel Core i3 is a variant of the most value compared to two other siblings. This processor will integrate the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) alias Graphics On-board inside the processor. Graphics capabilities with Intel GMA claimed the G45 chipset. In addition the Core i3 will use hybrid manufacturing, core processor with 32nm, while the memory controller / graphics using 45nm. Core i3 product code is "Arrandale".

Intel Core i5

If Bloomfield is the codename for the Core i7 Lynnfield is the codename for the Core i5. Core i5 is the value of the Core i7 series that will run on Intel's new socket is LGA-1156 socket. Interested when I heard the word value? Exactly! Core i5 will be marketed at a price of around US $ 186.

Excess Core i5 are embedded chipset Northbridge functions on the core processor (known as the MCH on the motherboard). Then the motherboard Core i5 will use the Intel P55 chipset (mainstream class) will look vacant without the presence of northbridge chipsets. If the Core i7 Triple Channel DDR 3, then just use the Core i5 Dual Channel DDR 3. The use of power is also lowered to 95 Watt. The P55 chipset supports the Triple Graphic Cards (3x) with 1 × 16 PCI-E slot and 2 x 8 PCI-E slot. On Core i5 cache remains the same, ie 8 MB L3 cache.

Intel also launched Clarksfield, Core i5 mobile version intended for notebooks. Socket to be used is mPGA-989 and the power required is quite small in the amount of 45-55 Watt.

Intel Core i7

Core i7 processor itself is first with technology "Nehalem". Nehalem uses a new platform that is completely different from previous generations. One is to integrate MCH chipset directly on the processor, not the motherboard. Nehalem also replace the function of the FSB became QPI (Quick Path Interconnect) more revolutionary.

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Best Android Games Part 2

Now it's the time you have been waiting for. No... It's not the lunch time, but this is the time for the second part of best android games in 2016. In the first part, we already brings you five best android games like Pokemon Go, Clash of Clans, Minecraft PE, Fallout Shelter, and First Touch Soccer 2016. This time, we're gonna brings you another android games that will not disappoint you. No time to spare, let's start the lists:

1. Clash Royale

We begin the list with Clash Royale in the first place. Clash Royale is a freemium mobile strategy video game developed and published by Supercell. This game combined trading card game with turn based strategy game. Because this game is a Clash Of Clans spinoff, all heroes in this battle is from Clash Of Clans. Like witch, PEKKA, Giant, etc. Main objective in this game is to battle other player and maintain your ranking. If you lose the battle, you will lose the ranking. And that is what make this game worth to try.

2. Crashlands

Next is Crashlands. The action-adventure role-playing video game developed and published by Butterscotch Shenanigans. In this game you will play as Flux Dabes, stranded on an alien planet Woanope as your truck is derailed by Hewgodooko. You must learn to cope with your new life, with battles, quests and more along your way.

3. Vainglory

Vainglory is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed and published by Super Evil Megacorp for iOS and Android devices. This game is used to be in PC, but then simplified so the smartphone user can play it too. And the gameplay doesn't change too, two opposing teams of three players fight to destroy the enemy base by controlling the path between the bases, which is lined by turrets and guarded by AI controlled enemy creatures. Off the path, players battle for control points that supply extra resources. Just like DOTA and League of Legends but for smartphone player.

Read Also: 10 Common Android Problems Solved

4. This War of Mine

This War of Mine is a war survival video game developed and published by 11 bit studios. This game is similiar to the telltale's games but only sadder. You have to make a choice in order to survive. And there's a different ending for each characters whether he or she has survived, died, or left the refuge.

You will controls a group of civilian survivors in a makeshift shelter in the besieged, war-torn fictional city of Pogoren, Graznavia. The main goal of the game is to survive the war with the tools and materials you can gather with the characters they control.

5. Hearthstone Heroes Of Warcraft

Who didn't know this game? Hearthstone originally known as Hearthstone: Heroes of Warcraft, is a free-to-play online collectible card video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment. Just like any trading card game, you have to battle using your card decks. You can choose from a number of game modes, with each offering a slightly different experience. At the start of the game, you will have a limited collection of basic cards, but can gain rarer and more powerful cards through purchasing packs of cards or as rewards from specific game modes. 

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Introduction To Network Topology

Did you ever heard about network topology? If you do, did you know what's the meaning of network topology? Well according to wikipedia, network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer network. And WhatIs.com says that a network topology is the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.

So based on the two statements above, we can conclude that network topology is the schematic description or a diagram of a network arrangement. There are eight basic topologies that we know: point-to-point, bus, star, ring or circular, mesh, tree, hybrid. Here's the explanation.

Point-To-Point

This topology is the simplest topology. From it's name, point-to-point connect two nodes or endpoints with a dedicated link between two endpoints. It was easy to to understand, we can see the point-to-point topology in telephone call.

Using circuit-switching or packet-switching technologies, a point-to-point circuit can be set up dynamically and dropped when no longer needed. Switched point-to-point topologies are the basic model of conventional telephony. The value of a permanent point-to-point network is unimpeded communications between the two endpoints. The value of an on-demand point-to-point connection is proportional to the number of potential pairs of subscribers and has been expressed as Metcalfe's Law.

Read Also: All Type Of Network Cables And It's Explanation

Bus

Bus topology or sometimes called backbone, or trunk is a topology where all nodes or endpoints connect with a single cable. You can found a bus topology in a local area network. The central cable is the backbone of the network and is known as the bus (thus the name). A signal from the source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is accepted.

This topology is really cheap because all you need is one single cable, but when this central cable fail. The whole network will be failed, and it's easy to expand. But unfortunately bus topology is slower than the ring.

Star

This topology is like the bus topology, but instead of using a central cable. Star topology used a central hub and then connect to a nodes or endpoints trough a single cable with a point-to-point connection. So it can be said that every computer is indirectly connected to every other node with the help of the hub.

Star topology have a fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic. If one nodes failed, the other nodes will keep running smoothly. Also, star topology is easy to modified and the hub can upgraded easily. Not like the bus, star topology is more expensive and the performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity, if the hub have a low capacity then the hub will have a low performance too.

Ring

A ring topology is actually a bus topology in a closed loop, it is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to another computer. With the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for each device.

The data travels around the ring in one direction. When one node sends data to another, the data passes through each intermediate node on the ring until it reaches its destination. The intermediate nodes repeat (retransmit) the data to keep the signal strong. Just like the bus, ring toplogy is very cheap and easy to install. But if you remove one node, it will disturb other node.

Mesh

A mesh topology is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has n(n-2)/2 physical channels to link n devices. There are two types of mesh topology: Fully and Partial. In fully, all nodes are interconnected and in the partial certain nodes are connected to exactly one other node; but some nodes are connected to two or more other nodes with a point-to-point link.

If there's a fault in a connection, it can be detect or diagnosed easily. Also mesh topology brings a better security and privacy. But of course the installation of mesh topology is quite difficult, and you  also need bulk wiring and some expensive cables to build a mesh topology

Tree

Tree topology or sometimes it called a hierarchy topology. Because it has a root node and all other nodes that connected forming something like a hierarchy. You can find this topology in wide area network and also this topology really ideal if the workstations are located in groups.

This topology is an extension of star and bus topology, so the expansion is really easy. And if there's an error, it could be easy to maintain. But because this topology form a hierarchy, other nodes are rely on the central hub. So if the central hubs failed, the network will failed.

Hybrid

You probably never heard this topology before. This topology networks combine two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).

This topology is really flexible and effective. If you want to expand you shouldn't be worry, because it can be increased easily. But a complex topology surely will cost a lot of money

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Best Games For Low End PC

Did you sometimes have a dream that you can make a money just by playing a game? Or maybe you have a very busy day at the office, and you just want to relieve the stress by playing games? Well, all those dreams can come true if you have a high end PC. But unfortunately, all you have is just a pathetic low-end PC and a low budget. So what you gonna do? Luckily, not all games required the majestic high-end PC just to play it.

This time, I'm going to give you a lists of a games that work surprisingly well on low-end hardware. So stop asking your parents to buy a new computer and start reading this lists:

1. FTL: Faster Than Light

This game sounds like a hardcore games, when you first hear the name. Well, actually it is. FTL is a top-down roguelike space ship simulator created by indie developer Subset Games. FTL was based on a tabletop board games and other non-strategic combat space games.

You can controls a spacecraft capable of traveling faster-than-light (FTL), you can also recruit a crew, and battling other spacecraft. It belongs to the Galactic Federation, which is on the verge of collapse after losing a war with rebel forces, chiefly human in species. Your crew intercepts a data packet from the rebel fleet containing information that could throw the rebels into disarray and ensure a Federation victory.

The goal is to reach Federation headquarters, waiting several space sectors away, while avoiding destruction or capture by the pursuing rebels.

2. The Elder Scrolls: Skyrim

Did you like to wandering around in a dungeons, cities, towns, fortresses and villages, while battling some enemies like dragons? Well if you do, this games is for you. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim is an open world action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. It is the fifth installment in The Elder Scrolls series, following The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion. Skyrim was released worldwide in November 2011 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360.

This game takes place in Skyrim, a province of the Empire on the continent of Tamriel, amid a civil war between two factions: the Stormcloaks and the Imperial Legion. You character is a Dragonborn, a mortal born with the soul and power of a dragon. And your job is to kill Alduin the world-eater. A dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world.

3. Minecraft

There are lots of world-building games out there. And among that games, there's a games that not like the others. It come with a blocky and retro style graphics, and that game is called Minecraft. This game is a sandbox video game originally created by Swedish game designer Markus "Notch" Persson, and later developed and published by Mojang.

Minecraft allow you to build anything, from castle, city, a tower, or maybe just a simple house. Other activities in the game include exploration, resource gathering, crafting, and combat. Multiple gameplay modes are available, including survival mode where the player must acquire resources to build the world and maintain health, a creative mode where players have unlimited resources to build with and the ability to fly, an adventure mode where players can play custom maps created by other players, and a spectator mode where players can fly around and clip through blocks, but cannot place or destroy any.

4. Civilization V

Sid Meier's Civilization V is a 4X video game in the Civilization series developed by Firaxis Games. The game was released on Microsoft Windows in September 2010, on OS X on November 23, 2010, and on Linux on June 10, 2014.

From the screenshot above, you can see that this game is a turn-based strategy game where each player represents the leader of a certain nation or ethnic group ("civilization") and must guide its growth over the course of thousands of years.You will leads a civilization from prehistoric to the future. So basically, you will build a nation and lead it into a big nation with a strong military and  great economy.

5. Half-Life 2

This game is a first-person shooter video game developed and published by Valve Corporation. The sequel to 1998's Half-Life, it was released in November 2004, following a five-year, $40 million development phase, during which a substantial part of the project was leaked and distributed on the Internet. The game was developed alongside Valve's Steam software and the Source engine.

After the events of Half-Life, your character Gordon Freeman is woken by the enigmatic G-Man to find the world has been taken over by the alien Combine. Joined by allies including resistance fighter Alyx Vance, Gordon searches for a way to free humanity using a variety of weapons, including the object-manipulating gravity gun. Just like other FPS games, you will encounter many enemies and shoot them to death. But in this game yo have to approached your enemies with different tactics: some coordinate in groups to out-maneuver or out-position the player. This game is worth to try.

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Windows 10 Problems and How To Fix Them

On July 29, 2015, Microsoft released it's newest operating system-Windows 10. Since released, Windows 10 has been downloaded by more than 350 million of PC users around the world. Not because it's better than the last operating system, but because it was free. I have been using this operating system for a year and yes, there are lot of problems that I have encountered.

But many of the initial quirks, bugs, and other annoyances that Windows 10 launched with, have been fixed while others persist. Issues with printer connectivity, for example, have plagued users – and of course the recent Anniversary Update brought problems of its own. And if you are still suffering or try to fixed it but didn't work, we've compiled a guide to the most common Windows 10 problems that we find, as well as instructions on how to fix them.

1. Using less battery on laptops and tablets

Battery life is important to anyone who regularly uses a laptop, tablet, or smartphone, and of course Windows 10 can be used on all three of those devices.

Microsoft recognises this – as shown by the marketing of its Edge browser as being battery-friendly – and has built several tools into Windows 10 to help cut down on excessive battery drain.

All apps that run in the background can be toggled off, for example, which stops them from sucking up precious juice. And as we saw in an earlier tip, a metered internet connection option can also be used, which cuts down on background data usage.

Windows 10 also includes a dedicated set of power options, which you can find via Settings > System > Power & Sleep. From here, display sleep times can be set and under Additional Power Settings you can select a power plan that means a lighter load for your battery.

2. Fixing The Blue Screen

The Blue Screen of Death, also known as a BSOD or a 'stop' error, may sound bad but it's certainly fixable in the majority of cases. When the problem manifests it halts your PC completely, stopping it working and showing a blue screen, usually with some kind of message about restarting or a critical error. Your machine will then have to be rebooted.

To fix this, you can explore several options. First off, be sure to check how much available space you have left on your system drive and, if it's low, make some room by deleting bigger files or programs you don't need. Also, ensure all the latest updates are applied to the software on your machine, as having outdated apps can sometimes cause issues.

While you're at it, also update the hardware drivers of any peripherals, as the problem could be caused by Windows 10 clashing with something. Head to Device Manager, which you can reach by searching for it in the Start menu. Here, you can ensure that the likes of peripherals such as your monitor, webcam, printer or scanner – the extra devices you plug into your machine – have the latest drivers, simply by right-clicking on the device in question, and selecting Update Driver Software. Then click 'Search automatically for updated driver software'.

It's also worth bearing in mind that if you've overclocked your PC in any way, it's likely a good idea to turn that off if you keep getting BSODs (it could be causing the instability). Exactly how to do this will vary from machine to machine, but if you overclocked your PC yourself, then you should (hopefully) know how to reverse it in the BIOS. If someone else did it, such as your PC manufacturer, then contact the vendor for exact instructions on how to proceed.

3. Battery Life Problems

It is true that the latest version of Windows laptop battery drain quickly. Some drivers found in Windows 10 is not yet fully in accordance with the user's laptop. Causing the use of hardware in the laptop is not optimal, so the laptop will work extra which led to increased consumption of battery power.

For users always check the Driver and Firmware on a regular basis, so that it can update to the latest version. In addition to the automatic update feature can not be turned off, so it will easily consume much more power.

4. Failed To Upgrade

In some PC upgrade process will fail with error 0x80070057 - 0x20007. This causes the OS to roll back to a previous version Build. To cope with clearing out junk files through Disk Cleanup Tool. Clean the device driver packages, previous installations and temporary windows windows installation. After that, unplug the cable various peripherals are not in use and try to upgrade again.

5. Set Auto Login

Want to dodge the lock screen login? There is one easy way to do this – first of all, you’ll need to bring up the Run command box. To do so, click on the Cortana/search box (next to the Start menu) and simply type in the following:

netplwiz

You’ll see a User Accounts window appear, and here, you need to select the account that will automatically login. Type in the credentials for this account and hit OK. A new window, called Automatically Sign-in, will subsequently appear. Type your password again and hit OK. Go to Sign-in options, select Never under the ‘Require Sign-in’ box, then hit OK one final time. 

6. Problem With Cortana

In the build speech recognition Cortana is also problematic. Sometimes the spoken word is not typed in the box Cortana, the orders given are also sometimes ignored by Cortana, even error message "can not connect" or "something went wrong"

To address the need to turn off forcibly, with ctrl + shift + ESC - more details - in the background processes search engines - right click - end process. Wait a moment and the search process will start again to use Cortana back.

6. Restart For A Smooth Running

Another thing you can do to lessen the chance of a system falling over is to schedule regular restarts. Not restarting a PC for a few days is fine, but things can start to turn weird after weeks or months. These restarts can also be combined with system updates, which are obviously important to do.

Go to Settings > Update & Security and click on Advanced Options. From there, you can choose how updates are installed, with the default setting being Automatic. Clicking on this shows another option: Notify to schedule a restart. This means that the PC will always ask you before doing an update and, from there, you can choose when it gets done.

7. Turn Off The Background Apps

While Windows 10 is, generally speaking, a fast operating system, that doesn’t mean it isn’t capable of running sluggishly at times. And one of the main causes of any sluggishness is background apps that continue to run sucking up processing power. This can be a particular problem with laptops of the lower-end variety.

At any rate, it’s easy enough to disable any apps running in the background. Simply left click on the Start button, click on Settings, then click Privacy, Background Apps. From here you can switch off any unwelcome programs.

8. Application Didn't Compatible

The problem many applications that are not compatible on the latest Windows OS is already not surprising anymore. Because it is caused by various problems. The solution can use the supplied Compatibility mode Windows. Right-click on the desired application - open the Properties - open the Compatibility tab - select the desired previous Windows versions. But not all applications can run after using Compatibility Mode. But worth the try, or get through Run As Administrator, right click on the application and then Run As Administrator.

9. Reboot Loop

Most problems experienced by users after the update Windows 10 is a Reboot Loop. That is an event where the computer / laptop experience restart the protracted and repetitive. Worse yet auto update feature can not be turned off. So if it is connected to the Internet will automatically update itself. So the reboot loop problem will most likely occur.

Because the Windows 10, Microsoft has to change various settings and komponenya locations. The settings are transferred from the Control Panel to the Settings app simpler.

Disable updates in Windows 10 by regulating the type of network to Quota-based settings, using Group Policy so that Windows does not download the update, and shutting down completely update using service.msc.

10. Turning Off The Live Tiles

If you're using an older PC (or a tablet) then having vibrant Live Tiles may end up draining processing power that could be used elsewhere (not to mention battery life with a slate).

This is something Microsoft has considered, though, and Live Tiles, which are present on the Start menu, can be switched off. To turn off one specific tile, right-click it, then click More > Turn Live Tile off.

Alternatively, to switch off all Live Tiles, open the Start menu, and type the following, then hit enter:

gpedit.msc

Navigate to Local Computer Policy > User Configuration > Administrative Templates > Start Menu and Taskbar > Notifications. Double-click the 'Turn off tile notifications' entry on the right and select enabled in the window that opens.

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All Type of Network Cables

Today there are so many wireless networking. We can find Wi Fi everywhere, in your house, office, restaurant, shopping mall, and many else. But that doesn't mean that there are no networking cables anymore. As summarized from lifewire.com, today's computer still rely on cable in order to connect to the internet. There are several types of network cables, each with their advantages and purposes.

1. Coaxial Cables

In the first list is the old coaxial cable. Why old? Because it was invented in 1880's. "coax" was best known as the kind of cable that connected television sets to home antennas. Coaxial cable is also a standard for 10 Mbps Ethernet cables.

When 10 Mbps Ethernet was most popular, during the 1980s and early 1990s, networks typically utilized one of two kinds of coax cable - thinnet (10BASE2 standard) or thicknet (10BASE5). These cables consist of an inner copper wire of varying thickness surrounded by insulation and other shielding. Their stiffness caused network administrators difficulty in installing and maintaining thinnet and thicknet.

2. Twisted Pair Cables

Twisted Pair was invented in 1990's as the leading cabling standard for Ethernet, starting with 10 Mbps (10BASE-T, also known as Category 3 or Cat3), later followed by improved versions for 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5 and Cat5e) and successively higher speeds up to 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T).

Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in which pairs of wires (the forward and return conductors of a single circuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other wire pairs and from external sources. This type of cable is used for home and corporate Ethernet networks. Twisted pair cabling is used in short patch cables and in the longer runs in structured cabling.

An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of twisted pair Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly that would normally be connected via a network switch, hub or router, such as directly connecting two personal computers via their network adapters. Most current Ethernet devices support Auto MDI-X, so it doesn't matter whether you use crossover or straight cables.

3. Fiber Optics

An optical fiber cable consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective material. The outer insulating jacket is made of Teflon or PVC to prevent interference. Optical fiber deployment is more expensive than copper but offers higher bandwidth and can cover longer distances.

These network cables are bendable despite being made of glass. They have proven especially useful in wide area network (WAN) installations where long distance underground or outdoor cable runs are required and also in office buildings where a high volume of communication traffic is common.

Two primary types of fiber optic cable industry standards are defined – single-mode (100BaseBX standard) and multimode (100BaseSX standard). Long-distance telecommunications networks more commonly use single-mode for its relatively higher bandwidth capacity, while local networks typically use multimode instead due to its lower cost.

There are two major types of optical fiber cables: short-range multi-mode fiber and long-range single-mode fiber.

Read Also: Type Of Network And It's Explanation

4. USB Cables

Most Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables connect a computer with a peripheral device (keyboard or mouse) rather than to another computer. However, special network adapters (sometimes called dongles) also allow connecting an Ethernet cable to a USB port indirectly. USB cables feature twisted-pair wiring.

5. Crossover Cables

Null modem cables are one example of the category of crossover cables. A crossover cable joins two network devices of the same type, such as two PCs or two network switches.

The use of Ethernet crossover cables was especially common on older home networks years ago when connecting two PCs directly together. Externally, Ethernet crossover cables appear nearly identical to ordinary (sometimes also called straight-through), the only visible difference being the order of color-coded wires appearing on the cable's end connector. Manufacturers typically applied special distinguishing marks to their crossover cables for this reason. Nowadays, though, most home networks utilize routers that have built-in crossover capability, eliminating the need for these special cables.

6. Patch

A patch cable is an electrical or optical cable used to connect one electronic or optical device to another or to building infrastructure for signal routing. Devices of different types (e.g. a switch connected to a computer, or a switch connected to a router) are connected with patch cords. Patch cords are usually produced in many different colors so as to be easily distinguishable, and most are relatively short, no longer than a few meters. In contrast to on-premises wiring, patch cables are more flexible but may also be less durable.

7. Power lines

Although power wires are not designed for networking applications, new technologies like Power line communication allows these wires to also be used to interconnect home computers, peripherals or other networked consumer products. On December 2008, the ITU-T adopted Recommendation G.hn/G.9960 as the first worldwide standard for high-speed powerline communications. G.hn also specifies communications over phonelines and coaxial wiring.

Cables are the most important thing in our life, without cables. We can't connect to the internet and without cables, there will be no wireless networking. Well, That's all type of network cables. Hope you liked it and stay tuned if you want to read the next article.

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How To Optimize Your Minecraft FPS

If you have a low-end pc and you can't live without games. Minecraft, is probably the best choice. Minecraft is a great game, you can build everything you can imagine. But sadly, you need more than a low-end pc to run Minecraft at a playable and decent fps (60 fps). I didn't have a good pc but I can run Minecraft  in 60 fps and more. If you didn't care so much about your Minecraft fps and decided to leave it at 50 fps or lower, then this article is not for you.

UPDATE JAVA

Now I'm gonna show you how to optimize or improve your Minecraft experience. The first thing you should do is to check if your java was up to date. Because Minecraft runs on Java, so any issues with the general Java installation and version on your computer will bleed through and cause troubles with Minecraft ranging from decreased FPS to outright failure to run.

First, if you’re running a 64-bit computer/operating system (many computers these days are 64-bit) you want to run the 64-bit version of Java. If you’re unsure, check the system settings of your machine.

Windows users can open a command prompt and type in:

wmic os get OSArchitecture

 The returned value will indicate if the OS is 32 or 64-bit.

Second, make sure that version is up-to-date. As of the time of this publication, Java 7 is the general release of Java. You can run Java 8 to squeeze out even more performance.

Third, ensure you only have one copy of Java installed. Many Minecraft players report issues when there are multiple copies of Java (older versions alongside newer versions, 32-bit alongside 64-bit, etc.) on their machines.

OPTIFINE

What is Optifine? Optifine is an optional content pack, called a "mod". There are different ways to install these, so look them up on the optifine. What it does is it boosts your framerate, and adds features like zooming in on places, and also super-longer render distances (How far you can see). 

To download Optifine, visit this link: https://optifine.net/downloads 

Make sure you click the latest version of Minecraft supported by Optifine (currently 1.8.4), Optifine won't always have the latest version of Minecraft compatible, so just download the latest version available.

Next click Download, you will sadly be taken to an ADF.ly link, so make sure your cookies are turned on otherwise it won't work, and make sure you don't click any of the adverts on the page but as long as you click Skip Ad then you'll be ok. You have to wait 5 seconds and then the Skip Ad button will appear in the top right corner of the webpage.

Once you've clicked Skip Ad then click the text surrounded by adverts (unless you have Ad block Plus which will remove these adverts) to download the file. Run the install once the download has finished and then you're done!

Now open up the Minecraft launcher, once the launcher has opened go to the bottom left corner and click the drop down arrow. In the drop down menu make sure you select the Profile Optifine. Once that's done click Play to start the game and configure the settings.

Once the game launches then click Options on the starting screen. In Options click Video settings and you'll notice that loads of new settings have appeared.

If everything is set, you may want to lowering the setting to get the 60 fps or more. 

This is a list of the recommended settings in Minecraft:

Graphics: Fast
Smooth Lighting: Off
GUI Scale: Auto (for normal display) or Small to get higher fps
Brightness: Bright or Dark - it's your preference!
Fog: Off
3D Anaglyph: Off
Render Distance: 4-8
Max Framerate: Unlimited
View Bobbing: Off or On - it's once again your preference
Use VBOs: On

And that's it in the main Video Settings screen, now for the other settings:

Details:

Select Default for everything with the Default option
Turn Clouds Off
Turn off anything else that is turned On

Animations:

Click the All Off button for the best performance.

Quality:

Mipmap Levels: Off
Anisotrophic Filtering: Off
Antialisiasing: Off
Mipmap Type: Nearest
Then turn everything On, Off to get best performance.

Performance:

Smooth FPS: On
Fast Render: On
Chunk Updates: 1
Lazy Chunk Loading: Off
Smooth World: Off unless you play a lot of Single Player
Fast Math: On
Dynamic Updates: On

Other:

Autosave: 30min
Then turn everything On, Off for best performance.

Finally click Done to save all the settings you have just changed, this should boost your fps from anywhere between 20-100+ fps.

Next to test your settings. Go to Single Player and create a New world. Once the world has been created click the button F3 on your keyboard to show the fps of your game. If you're on a laptop you may need to press Shift + F3.

If lowering settings doesn't work, try to close all the programs that running in the background on your PC. Programs like Skype, your Antivirus, a web browser, music/video players and email applications will all slow your PC down and therefore slow your game down. To improve performance try closing these programs, but NEVER close your antivirus software because then you're unprotected. If you have a antivirus like Norton Internet Security or another antivirus that has a similar function, you can right click the icon in the notification area of the Windows taskbar and select Turn on silent mode or gaming mode (names may vary depending on your antivirus). Make sure you haven't just minimized the window, or allowed the program to go into the hidden icon menu in Windows (bottom right of the Windows taskbar). Completely close the program by clicking the cross in the top right hand corner of the Window.

Another way to boost fps is by using the Windows Task Manager. First make sure Minecraft is running in the background (open/running). Then open the Windows Task Manager, to open the Task Manager click Ctrl + Alt + Delete on your Keyboard at the same time. Then click Start Task Manager. In the Task Manager right click on Minecraft and select Go to process, the process will now be highlighted and will be called javaw.exe. There are actually 2 of these processes, firstly right click on the un-highlighted javaw.exe and select End process, this will close the process. The second javaw.exe is actually not required to play Minecraft and is just wasting your RAM. Next go back to the first javaw.exe, right click it and select Set priority, then choose high in the menu. A new window will appear saying "Do you want to change the priority of javaw.exe"? In this new window click Change priority.

Finally for the last fps boosting tip. This tip requires you to close your game and re-open the launcher. In the launcher you need to go to the bottom left corner and click Edit Profile. In the new window tick the JVM Arguments tick box. This allows you to allocate more RAM to Minecraft. So make sure you don't allocate more the 80% of your RAM! Now in the textbox next to the tick box remove the 1 from the Xmx1G and change it to a higher number (about 50% of your RAM), e.g. if you have 8GB of RAM change it to 4G. Then click Save Profile and click Play to test it out. If your game doesn't work after this step, try rebooting your game and if that doesn't work then try reducing the allocated RAM.

That's how you optimize your Minecraft fps. If the tutorial that I just give you doesn't work. Try yo download other application or mods that can optimize your Minecraft experience, like Minecraft tweaker, Game Booster,  and BetterFps. Anyway, thanks for reading and if you still have some problems. Just leave it in the comment and I'll try to help you.

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Type of Network and The Explanation

In this article we're gonna explain all types of network. As we know, there are many ways in which different networks can be classified, such as their size, capabilities and the geographical distance they cover. A network is simply a group of two or more computer systems linked together in some way so that they can share data between them. Different types of networks provide different services, and require different things to work properly.

For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of design as some kind of area network. Common types of area networks are:

1. LAN (Local Area Network)
A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not always implemented as a single IP subnet.

In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization.

They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.

2. WAN (Wide Area Network)

This is another of the original categories of network, and slightly more complex in nature. WAN networks connect computers together over large physical distances, remotely connecting them over one huge network and allowing them to communicate even when far apart. The Internet is a WAN, and connects computers all around the world together.

LANs connect to WANs, such as the internet, using routers to transfer data and information quickly and securely. WANs are usually too large to be controlled by one administrator, and so usually have collective ownership, or in the case of the internet, is publicly owned.

3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
This is a network which is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, and incorporates elements of both. It typically spans a town or city and is owned by a single person or company, such as a local council or a large company.

4. CAN (Campus Area Network)
A network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus.

5. System Area Network
 (also known as Cluster Area Network) - Links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration.

6. Storage Area Network
Connects servers to data storage devices through a technology like Fibre Channel.

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